Williamson Murray â€å“thinking About Innovationã¢â‚¬â Naval War College Review

Founded, in the words of Rear Admiral Stephen B. Luce, United states Navy, equally "a place of original research," one of the primary functions of the U.Southward. Naval War College (NWC) is to conduct research, assay, and gaming to support the requirements of the Secretary of the Navy and others. The Center for Naval Warfare Studies (CNWS) contributes past serving as a home for fresh research, innovative thinking, and creative trouble solving. CNWS is dedicated to assisting the Principal of Naval Operations in defining the future Navy and the Navy'south contribution to national strategy. This, in turn, supports NWC's "Guiding Vision: We inform today'south decision-makers and brainwash tomorrow's leaders."

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Andrew South. Erickson, "The Center for Naval Warfare Studies (CNWS): An Introduction," Prc Analysis from Original Sources 以第一手资料研究中国, 22 March 2022.

[To ensure a true-blue rendering, this post draws extensively on authoritative NWC and NWC-related documents, to which it links throughout.]

ORGANIZATION

CNWS comprises several departments—the Strategic and Operational Research Department (SORD), the Wargaming Section, the Stockton Center for International Law, and the Naval War College Press—each with its own mission and specific written report/inquiry groups.

Inside SORD, for example, are dedicated centers of expertise and research concerning both Beijing and Moscow'southward seapower strategy and policies: the China Maritime Studies Found (CMSI) and the Halsey Alfa Group, and the Russia Maritime Studies Institute (RMSI) and the Holloway Group. SORD is also home to such other impactful enquiry centers as the Cyber and Innovation Policy Institute and the Institute for Futurity Warfare Studies.

MISSIONS

Together with the rest of SORD, CNWS, and stakeholders across the College, these organizations and associated faculty and students play a unique office in supporting the core Missions, Functions, and Tasks of the Naval State of war Higher, including its missions to:

(1) "Support Defining the Futurity Navy and Associated Roles and Missions":

"The U.S. Naval State of war Higher conducts research, analysis and gaming to support the requirements of the Secretary of the Navy, the Chief of Naval Operations, the combatant commanders, the Navy component commanders, the Navy numbered fleet commanders, other Navy and Marine Corps commanders, the U.Due south. intelligence community and other departments and agencies of the U.S. Regime. The desired upshot is a programme of focused, frontward-thinking, timely and relevant research, analysis and gaming that anticipates future operational and strategic challenges; develops and assesses strategic and operational concepts to address those challenges; and assesses the run a risk associated with these concepts. The college will provide operational concepts, analytic products and briefings that provide knowledge to Navy and Department of Defense leadership to aid shape and inform fundamental decisions and contribute effectively to the public discourse on U.South. national security and defense policy."

(2) "Support the Navy During an Era of Great Power Contest":

"The U.Due south. Naval War College conducts operational level-of-war activities to support the ability of the Navy'due south Joint and Combined Force Maritime Component Commanders and Navy Component Commanders to function effectively in an era of technological change and peer competition as operational commanders. This endeavour includes support for joint force commanders, Navy component commanders, Navy numbered armada commanders and type commanders as they engage in planning, analysis, assessment and wargaming to anticipate and address emerging and current warfighting requirements. The desired issue is to improve the capability of Navy commanders to lead maritime articulation and combined forces along with their staff members to plan, execute and assess strength employment options to function effectively as an operational level maritime staff and maritime operations center."

CNWS faculty play leading roles in NWC regional and functional Study Groups and other organizations.

While CNWS faculty and functions are distributed across the campus in Newport, the War Gaming Department—together with the Dean'due south Office Suite and many other cardinal components of CNWS—is located in McCarty Niggling Hall, a 110,000 square foot facility which opened in 1999 and is regularly updated with the latest technologies. The building is named after Captain William McCarty Trivial, the "father of American wargaming," who was instrumental in the introduction and development of wargaming techniques at NWC dating back to 1887.

HISTORY

On 1 July 1981, nigh a century afterward Rear Admiral Luce founded the Naval War College as "a place of original enquiry on all questions relating to war and to statesmanship connected with war, or the prevention of war," CNWS was established within the College through the initiative of Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Thomas Hayward, with the support of  Secretary of the Navy John Lehman. The first director was the erstwhile Nether Secretary of the Navy, Robert J. Murray.

Under Murray's authority, CNWS consolidated several organizations previously dispersed: the Center for Avant-garde Research, the Centre for War Gaming, and the Naval War College Press.

CNWS was from the offset a nexus for broadly based, advanced research on the naval contribution to a national strategy. The Middle's work has e'er since informed and stimulated the faculty and students in the classroom every bit well as helping to link the College to the fleet and policy makers in Washington. As Sailors and Scholars: The Centennial History of the Naval War College, documents officially (pp. 314–fifteen),

"In Murray's vision, at its core, the center was an intellectually dynamic group of officers and civilians with access to everyone, no matter what level, in the Navy and Marine Corps, anywhere in the world. Arguing real-life questions of strategy and tactics, testing existent war plans, and developing new concepts of operation, the center in fact soon won widespread respect within the Navy. By concentrating on the uses of naval forces rather than entering the debate about specific budget programs, the centre helped the higher in the onetime job of building the foundations for better decisions. At the same time, the experience of broadly based avant-garde research, war gaming and highly experienced officers doing broad Navy thinking provided stimulus to both students and teaching faculty. The center was not the Navy's war planning agency; it was the place where new ideas were examined and tested for possible incorporation into war plans. The war gaming heart at the higher was the heart of all Navy war gaming at the battlegroup level and above. Every bit Murray explained, 'it is the identify where the Navy is asking itself, how do the forces fit together—get-go at the tactical level, then at the theater level, and then worldwide.' Equally the consequence of these efforts, the Center for Naval Warfare Studies strengthened the link between the higher and the fleet."

Every bit ane of the initial Assistant Directors of CNWS, the naval thinker, author, and Naval State of war College Printing Editor Franklin Reinhardt Uhlig Jr., explained in Naval State of war College Review—which he then oversaw, and was charged with transforming it into a flagship publication—"Its business is ideas, in particular ideas most how to amend the contribution of naval forces to the defense of the Usa and her allies."

Working in close conjunction with the teaching departments, this revitalized inquiry arm of NWC has over the ensuing four decades fulfilled countdown President Luce's vision, and afterward that of Professor Uhlig and others, equally a center of both scholarship and original research—an academic establishment which would serve as the dwelling of theory and in-depth thinking for the naval profession in the United States.

The Middle directly complements the curriculum at NWC by providing a place for researching important professional bug which, in turn, inform, and stimulate the kinesthesia and students in the classroom. Moreover, from its very beginning, CNWS has linked the College to the fleet and policymakers in Washington by serving as a focal point, stimulus, and major source of strategic and entrada thought, past integrating strategic, entrada, and tactical concepts, by linking strategic concerns with technological developments, and finally, by testing and evaluating concepts through state of war gaming.

DEPARTMENTS

Hither's a closer await at the major departments within CNWS…

Strategic and Operational Research Department (SORD)

SORD produces innovative research and analysis for the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Department of Defence force, and the broader security community. SORD produces forward-thinking and timely inquiry, analysis, and gaming that anticipates future operational and strategic challenges. We develop and assess strategic and operational concepts to overcome challenges past providing analytical products that inform the U.S. Navy'southward leadership and assistance shape cardinal decisions. Our regional areas of focus include Eurasia, the Indo-Asia-Pacific, and the greater Middle East. Faculty members not merely possess in-country experience and historical knowledge, but too facility in critical languages such as Russian, German, French, Chinese, and Japanese.

Research Centers:

SORD is home to several research centers and institutions that swoop deeper into issues of interest to the U.S. Navy:

China Maritime Studies Institute (CMSI)

Established in 2006, CMSI studies China'due south rapid commercial and maritime development. Research topics include shipbuilding, global commerce, law of the sea, and naval diplomacy.

Russia Maritime Studies Institute (RMSI)

Over the last decade, it's become vital for the U.Due south. Navy and its partners to improve sympathise the strategic and operational factors that shape Russia's approach to maritime bug.

Cyber and Innovation Policy Institute (CIPI)

Protecting our nation is not just nearly traditional threats and battlefield weapons. Challenges lurk in internet, including surveillance programs and wide-scale disruptions to government and corporations. CIPI advances and promotes research, instruction, and assay in the evolving field of digital defense.

Found for Time to come Warfare Studies (IFWS)

Launched in early 2017, IFWS focuses on the long-term needs of the U.S. Navy and national security. The centre'due south innovative, timely research and assay will help leadership anticipate operational and strategic challenges. In response to this demand, NWC launched this institute in 2016.

Advanced Research Programs:

Faculty-led special advanced research programs also call SORD home. These groups offer domestic students a gamble to participate in gaming, inquiry, and other real-world scenarios pertaining to strategy, planning, and operations.

CIPI Gravely Grouping

The Cyber & Innovation Policy Found Vice Admiral Samuel L. Gravely, Jr., Program is a Directed Inquiry Project. This graduate-level program guides advanced educatee research on cyber operations and the information surroundings.

Halsey Alfa Group

The Halsey Alfa Grouping is an Avant-garde Inquiry Program (ARP) that examines the character of nigh-future operational-tactical warfighting at the high end of the conflict spectrum. Scenarios involve a technologically sophisticated war machine competition in Eastern asia. This group uses iterative, free play wargaming and operations research/systems analysis as their primary methodologies.

Halsey Bravo Group

The Halsey Bravo Group is an Advanced Research Program (ARP) that examines potential military challenges inside the Middle East. This faculty-student collaborative grouping uses iterative, ongoing wargaming and operational analysis as its master methodology.

Holloway Grouping

The Holloway Group is an Advanced Enquiry Programme (ARP) that conducts detailed studies of loftier-intensity conventional disharmonize, focusing on Russian maritime and multi-domain warfighting. It is a collaborative student-faculty research try that utilizes military machine operations research, free-play wargaming, and open-source Russian-linguistic communication research. Information technology is housed within the Russia Maritime Studies Institute.

Strategic & Operational Research Department Faculty

SORD's experienced and renowned faculty have years of earned expertise across a wide range of naval and educational topics. To learn more, please click here to access the online directory.

Wargaming Department

The War Gaming Department conducts high quality research, analysis, gaming, and pedagogy to support the Naval War College's academic mission, fix future maritime leaders, and help shape cardinal decisions on the futurity of the Navy. The Department's gaming professionals provide stakeholders with intellectually honest products utilizing rigorous research and analysis while employing gaming techniques which range from circuitous, multi-sided estimator-assisted games to elementary, unmarried-sided seminar games. Simulating circuitous war situations—from sea to infinite to cyber—builds analytical, strategic, and controlling skills. Wargaming programming not only enriches the curriculum, simply it also helps shape defense plans and policies for various commands and agencies.

Click here to view section brochure.

Simulations at ocean—and across

Wargaming has been an integral part of Naval War College (NWC) since 1887. While the tools and technology used in simulations have evolved over the past century, the value of wargaming in maritime leadership evolution remains potent. Today the State of war Gaming Department remains the world's premier gaming arrangement, conducting approximately 50 gaming events per year. They range in multifariousness from complex, multi-sided computer-assisted games to simple, single-sided seminar games.

Wargaming supports our academic mission in many ways. Games foster an understanding of the decisions that military leaders and civilians make in maritime and articulation warfare. Wargaming also opens discussion and debate of strategic and operational concepts. Finally, gaming provides insights and builds of import gamble assessment and analytical skills.

Gaming supports not only the academic curriculum with operational level student games, but also various internal College needs, and externally generated requests. These requests come from various branches of the Defense and Navy Departments, operational commands, and civilian agencies including the Function of the Secretary of Defense, the Department of State, and the Secretary of the Navy. Recently, War Gaming has resumed the Navy'south Title 10 Global Series and has shaped a diverseness of strategic and defence force plans, policies, and strategies.

History of Wargaming at NWC & Captain William McCarty Picayune

"Now the great hole-and-corner of its power lies in the existence of the enemy—a live, vicious enemy—in the next room waiting feverishly to have advantage of whatever of our mistakes, ever ready to puncture whatever visionary scheme, to haul u.s.a. down to Earth." — William McCarty Little, 1887

Our edifice, McCarty Little Hall, is named for Lt. William McCarty Piffling (1846-1915), who was instrumental in developing Naval War College's wargaming techniques. In 1884, Little left active service afterwards losing sight in one middle and began volunteering in the library of a new state of war higher. In 1886, he introduced wargaming and soon became the U.S. Navy'south showtime good in the field. One of his earliest activities including working aslope NWC's second president, Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, to develop a system of graphical representations behind historic naval battles.

In 1903, to honor Little's contributions to NWC, Congress passed a special act that promoted him to captain and permanently assigned him to the college faculty. He served on the faculty and continued to develop wargaming for thirty years, retiring in 1915.

Wargaming Facilities

Inside our 111,000-foursquare-foot wargaming facility, yous'll find a 180-seat auditorium, a television studio, 20+ reconfigurable gaming cells, and classroom and briefing space.

Our gaming cells can host upward to 400 estimator stations—and access to classified and secure networks—and all are equipped with state-of-the-fine art video applied science and the ability to broadcast throughout the facility and around the world. The largest of our gaming cells is the Joint Control Eye, which can hold upward to 100 computers.

The state-of-the-fine art data technology suite can be configured to support the full range of models and simulations, video-teleconferencing, group collaboration systems, and distributed wide area gaming over both unclassified and secure networks.

The auditorium is equipped with loftier-definition cameras and video-conferencing capabilities—and its large floor tin can double as an boosted gaming cell or hold a 25-past-40-foot map to carry a rehearsal of concept drill.

In addition to our on-campus facilities, our wargaming professionals besides travel off-site and abroad to conduct tabletop exercises or requite seminars.

Wargaming Topics, Collaborations, and Partnerships

Wargaming allows students to gain practical experience and a better understanding of the dynamics of warfighting, but simulations are also designed to prepare military leaders for national disasters and humanitarian relief.

Wargaming Topics

Wargaming covers a broad range of issues, including:

• Infinite
• Cyber
• Political-armed services relationships
• Sea command
• Nuclear deterrence
• Humanitarian assistance
• Disaster relief
• Homeland security/defense force

Collaboration and Partnerships:

Gaming not only helps our students grow as leaders, only it supports internal enquiry needs and external requests from other commands and civilian agencies. We work individually with requesting sponsors to develop gaming programs.

Partners and games accept included:

• Chief of Naval Operation (Global Championship X State of war Game Series)
• Office of the Secretarial assistant of Defence (Proliferation Security Initiative Game)
• OPNAV (Maritime Domain Sensation Operational Game)
• U.S. STRATCOM (Strategic Deterrence and Escalation Game)

Wargaming Faculty

The Department of Wargaming'southward core faculty comprises approximately 40 military and civilian gaming professionals, who are supported by a staff of highly skilled technicians and enlisted Navy personnel. With their expertise comes a commitment to academic rigor and innovative research.

Stockton Center for International Law

The Stockton Middle for International Law (SCIL) is an internationally recognized enquiry institute for the study of international law and military operations that produces original enquiry and analysis for national conclusion-makers, senior military leaders, scholars, and legal practitioners throughout the globe in club to better grasp the part of international constabulary in naval, Articulation and Combined operations. The results of this assay shapes legal interpretations affecting U.S. and partner nation forces throughout the earth.

International Law Studies Journal

International Police force Studies (ILS) is the journal for international law published past the U.S. Naval War College. Information technology was beginning published in 1895 and is the oldest international police force journal in the U.s.. Each year, the journal publishes kinesthesia peer-reviewed articles and analysis from the earth's leading experts and practitioners in the law of the bounding main, the law of armed disharmonize and international humanitarian law, the law of naval operations, and the international law of conflict in the airspace, outer space, and cyberspace.

Support, Domestically and Abroad

SCIL provides international police force research, analysis, and didactics to support the evolution of the Navy's future strategy, the teaching and training of Navy leadership, and the conduct of fleet, articulation, and combined operations. The program also provides legal back up to war games and advice to the Fleet and other Department of Defence entities on a variety of international and operational law issues. SCIL serves as the Primary Review Authority for the Commander's Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations, and have participated in the Tallinn Manual, the San Remo Manual, the Woomera Manual, the Harvard Air and Missile Warfare Transmission, and other influential publications. Annually, the Stockton Center hosts legal research workshops on emergent bug drawing many of the world's leading international police experts, including the annual Alexander C. Cushing International Law Conference.

Briefing on Oceans Police force & Policy

Through the annual Briefing on Oceans Law & Policy (established and formerly administered by the Center for Oceans Law & Policy, University of Virginia School of Constabulary) the Stockton Middle for International Law promotes interdisciplinary interaction with bounding main-related legal and public policy issues at all levels, addressing international, national, regional, and state concerns.

Stockton Center for International Law Faculty

The Stockton Center has civilian and military professors of international law that teach courses on the police of armed conflict, the constabulary of naval warfare and maritime security law, and the law of airspace, outer space and cyberspace operations.

Charles H. Stockton Professor

Professor James Kraska is the Chair of the Stockton Middle for International Constabulary and the Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Maritime Police force. The Secretary of the Navy established the Charles H. Stockton Chair of International Police force on October 6, 1967 in accolade of Rear Admiral Charles H. Stockton, president of the Naval War College from 1898–1900, a recognized dominance on international law. Stockton was too president of George Washington University and he wrote the first code of the Police of Naval Warfare. From its inception, the Chair has attracted an infrequent array of international law scholars to the Higher, including such giants in the field every bit Manley O. Hudson (1951–53), Hans Kelsen (1953–54), Leo Gross (1954–55), Howard S. Levie (1971–72), Leslie C. Greenish (1996–97), Hays Parks (1984–85), Ruth Wedgwood (1998–99), Yoram Dinstein (1999–2000), Ivan Shearer (2000–01), Charles Garraway (2004–05), Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg (2003–04 and 2012–13), Michael N. Schmitt (2014–18).

Howard Due south. Levie Professor

Professor Raul "Pete" Pedrozo is the Howard Southward. Levie Professor of the Constabulary of Armed Disharmonize. The Levie Chair is named for retired Col. Howard South. Levie, who served as a U.S. Army judge advocate during World War II and the Korean State of war. He reviewed Japanese war crimes tribunals and was the principle draftsman for the Korean State of war Armistice. After armed forces service, Colonel Levie joined the kinesthesia at Saint Louis University School of Law where he went on to become one of the world'south leading scholars on international police force, publishing some 20 books on the law of armed disharmonize. Levie's long association with the Center was best-selling by the President of the Naval War Higher in 1994 with the cosmos of the Levie Chair.

The Stockton Middle Emeriti Professors

Professor Michael N. Schmitt, D.Litt., J.D.

Michael Schmitt is professor emeritus at the U.S. Naval War Higher. He is presently Professor of International Police force at the University of Reading and the G. Norman Lieber Distinguished Scholar at the U.Southward. Military University at Due west Point.

Professor Richard J. Grunawalt

Richard J. "Jack" Grunawalt is Professor Emeritus of International Police force. Following a distinguished career every bit a Navy judge advocate, retired Capt. Grunawalt came to the Naval War College every bit the Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Law and held that Chair until becoming the first Director of the Oceans Law and Policy Section, the predecessor of the Stockton Center for International Police. Nether his leadership of its international police program, during his tenure the Naval War College regained its historic stature every bit the earth's preeminent military institution for the study and articulation of the rules of police governing the earth'southward oceans, both in fourth dimension of peace and in fourth dimension of war.

Stockton Center Visiting Research Scholar Program

The Stockton Center invites eminent international law scholars, as well as infrequent younger scholars, to share their noesis and varied perspectives with the U.S. Naval War College through its Visiting Inquiry Scholar Program.

Visiting Fellows:

• Visheh Bhatia, National Academy of Legal Studies and Inquiry University
• Laurie Blank, Emory University School of Law
• Peter Bowers, Imperial Australian Navy Reserve
• Douglas Burnett, John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
• Camilla Cooper, Norwegian Defence Command and Staff College
• John Dehn, Loyola University Schoolhouse of Law
• Gloria Gaggioli, University of Geneva
• Koichi Ishii, Japanese Maritime Self-Defense force Academy
• Suk Kyoon Kim, Korea Coast Baby-sit
• Keiko Kono, National Found of Defense Studies (Japan)
• Masahiro Kurosaki, National Defence force University of Japan Ministry of Defence
• Tim McCormack, University of Melbourne (Stockton Distinguished Visiting Scholar)
• Young-Kil Park, Korea Maritime Institute
• Sasha Radin, University of Melbourne
• Vishaka Ramesh, National University of Legal Studies and Enquiry University
• Yusuke Saito, Japanese Maritime Cocky-Defence Academy
• Nicholas Tsagourias, University of Sheffield
• Bart van den Bosch, Regal Netherlands Army
• René Värk, University of Tartu (Estonia)

Naval War Higher Printing

The Naval War College Press at U.Southward. Naval War College (NWC) edits and publishes the Naval War College Review, Newport Papers, the Historical Monographs serial, the van Beuren Studies in Leadership and Ethics, and China Maritime Studies. The Press too provides publication and procurement support for works written and edited in various section at the college.

Naval War Higher Review

The Naval War College Review is a scholarly journal, published quarterly under the auspices of the Naval War College and the Department of the Navy, only exercising editorial independence; the thoughts and opinions expressed in the publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the section or the Naval State of war Higher. The Review has been published continuously since 1948. It serves as a forum for word of public policy matters of involvement to the maritime services. The candid views of the authors are presented for the professional education of the readers. Articles are drawn from a wide variety of sources to inform, stimulate, and challenge readers, and to serve as a catalyst for new ideas.

Historical Monographs

The historical monographs in this serial are book-length studies of the history of naval warfare, edited historical documents, conference proceedings, and biographies based wholly or in part on source materials in the Historical Collection of the Naval State of war College. They are managed by the Maritime History Department in collaboration with the Naval War Higher Printing.

The Newport Papers

Newport Papers are extended research projects that the Director, the Dean of Naval Warfare Studies, and the President of the Naval War College consider to be of particular interest to policy makers, scholars, and analysts. These book-length monographs cover a diverseness of subjects, but ideally relate to gimmicky operational or strategic concerns in the realm of maritime security. Printed copies of Newport Papers are distributed to a list of approximately 300 senior commanders and staff members.

CMSI People's republic of china Maritime Studies ("Carmine Books")

The China Maritime Studies are extended research projects that the Editor, the Managing director of the China Maritime Studies Institute (CMSI), the Dean of the Heart for Naval Warfare Studies, and the President of the Naval Warfare College consider to be of particular interest to policy makers, scholars, and analysts. The Naval War College Press prepares and publishes the studies for CMSI.

The van Beuren Leadership and Ethics Series

The van Beuren Studies in Leadership and Ideals series was established to advance scholarship and publish thought-provoking works of analysis in the fields of leadership and ethics, with special attention to their awarding to the military machine; to further Chief of Naval Operations initiatives in leadership and ethics; to help educate Naval War College students; and to help inform the joint force. The Naval War Higher and the Naval War College Press thank the Naval War Higher Foundation and the Alletta Morris McBean Charitable Trust for their generous back up.

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Source: https://www.andrewerickson.com/2022/03/the-center-for-naval-warfare-studies-cnws-an-introduction/

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